As any industry observer can tell you, the US power grid is undergoing its most significant transformation since its inception. The addition of highly concentrated and flexible loads, the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the electrification of transport will inevitably result in a much more dynamic (and multidirectional) flow of power. Accordingly, grid protection and control (PAC) devices must become easier to install, service and replace in support of a generational build-out. They must also facilitate the evolution of algorithms and growth in data publishing and consumption, and they must be ready to integrate into multilevel wide-scale management systems. Even with modern centralized PAC standards, there are challenges to overcome, particularly form factor and fixed functionality. The physical installation of relay, control and communication equipment is laborintensive. This limits productivity both on the capital investment and maintenance sides of the utility. At the same time, most intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) remain essentially static in terms of what can be programmed within them. They cannot be updated easily to incorporate new data feeds or new functions. Centralized protection and control (CPC) within a single device represents an advancement on several levels and will be easier for system owners to manage moving forward. However, there is still room for improvement to make deployment even simpler and provide valuable flexibility in the future. — 01 Protection and control functionality centralized in one device Protection functionality Measure
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